Inference Angles

 "Angles of Inference"

 

Essentially, this model describes the following relationship: 

The distance between the initial conclusions (A and B) reached by two individuals after the observation of a single obervable event will be at least as great as the distance betwen their respective values and beliefs (A and B). 

This relationship might be depicted as follows:

(model best viewed using a fixed width font)

Conclusion A (-------------) 

Conclusion B

\ /

Assumptions 

Assumptions

\ /

Added Meaning 

Added Meaning

\ /

Selected Data

\ /

Observable Event or Data

\ /

X

/ \

/ \

Beliefs 

Beliefs

/ \

/ \

/ \

/ \

/ \

B Values (-------------) 

A Values

Angles of Inference

+ James A. Ray

I believe it is only through the use of tools such as the Ladder of Inference and Dialogue that two (or more) individuals can achieve a shared

interpretation of the actual event or data. The value of diversity in our organizations is that is provides a rich source of alternative

perspectives which can be tapped to evaluate actual events or resulting information, leading to a much richer understanding of the potential

impact on the organization. 

However, without a forum for exchanging these diverse perspectives, the organization will benefit only from the perspective of the most persuasive individuals (rewarding advocacy over inquiry). Participants are thus encouraged to use these models as tools for engaging one another in a spirit of dialogue, challenging assumptions and added meaning rather than the initial conclusions themselves. 

Debating the conclusion is often wasted energy - understanding alternative assumptions, perspectives, and beliefs will lead to greater shared meaning and perhaps shared, but at least well understood, inferences. Thus,

dialogue should lead to greater alignment of the "final" conclusions,first by generating agreement about relevant assumptions and perhaps

resulting in shared "added meanings" and/or "selected data". 

It should be noted that the objective is *not* to completely align the beliefs and values of individuals within the organization. Doing so may

very well deprive the organization of the benefits of diversity (see above). After all, just because individuals "see" things the same way doesn't mean they're correct - even a shared mental model is inherently flawed!